Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

By | November 15, 2020

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Three-color printing plate

Three-color printing plate, Liao, 3cm high, 14.5cm diameter, 8cm foot diameter.

The disc is open, the mouth edge is 8-petal flower mouth, oblique wall, flat bottom. The inner wall of the plate is moulded with 8 flowers, the center is moulded with a huge flower, and the exterior is decorated with 4 shiitake mushroom leaves. Water ripples are used as the ground outside the pattern. Three color glazes of yellow, green and white are applied to the dish, among which the white glaze is the ground, the flower and leaf patterns are arranged in intervals of yellow and green glaze, and yellow glaze is applied to the outside of the dish.

Printing is the main decoration method of porcelain plates in the Liao Dynasty. The decorations are generally raised sun patterns, and the subjects are more common in flowers, such as peony, lotus, and chrysanthemums.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Three-color printing square plate

Three-color printing square plate, Liao, 2cm high, 12cm diameter, 7.5cm foot diameter.

The plate has a square flower mouth, slightly open mouth and flat bottom. The four vertical walls in the plate are equally decorated with 2 openings, each opening of the interior flower, and the two sides of the flower are symmetrically decorated with curling moire. The inner bottom of the plate is decorated with leaf patterns on the four corners, and one chrysanthemum is printed on the bottom. Three-color glazes of yellow, green and white are applied inside the plate, and half glaze is applied outside the plate.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Three-color fish-shaped pot

Three-color fish-shaped pot, Liao, 15cm high, 5cm diameter, 7cm foot diameter.

The pot is shaped like a fish and has a clever design. The center of the fish’s back is a trumpet-shaped chrysanthemum flower mouth, and one side is a handle, which has been lost. The fish mouth is a pot stream. The body, fins, and tail of the fish are decorated with different glazes and carved with different patterns. A lotus leaf is decorated under the belly of the fish to hold the fish body, and the bottom of the lotus leaf is flat and solid. Yellow, green and white glaze is applied to the whole body.

This pot is vivid in shape and elegant in color. It integrates the craftsmanship of stamping, stacking and carving. It is the finest piece of porcelain in the Liao Dynasty.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Yellow glazed pot

The yellow-glazed pot is 36cm high, 3.5cm diameter and 8.5cm foot diameter.

The pot has a straight mouth, a slender neck, ample shoulders, a long round belly and round feet. One side is an octagonal pot stream, the stream is slender and curved, the root is decorated with a leather buckle-like decoration, and the other side is a ribbon-shaped long handle connected to the neck and shoulders. From the mouth to the foot, there are 6 sets of string patterns all over the body. Yellow glaze is applied to the body, and the glazed surface is bright and shiny.

The holding pot is a common shape in the porcelain of the Liao Dynasty, and this pot has a unique shape, with a unique style of slender neck, pot flow and pot handle, which is also rare in Liao Dynasty porcelain.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Yellow glazed handle pot

The yellow-glazed pot with beams, 29cm high, 2.5cm diameter and 7.5cm foot diameter.

The pot is taller, with flat top and round bottom. One side of the upper end of the pot has a tubular mouth, the mouth and the other side of the shoulder are connected with chicken crown lifting beams, and the roots of the tube and lifting beam are decorated with raised ribbon-shaped ornaments. The bottom of the pot is full and the circle feet are slightly outward. Apply white make-up soil under the glaze, and apply yellow glaze to near the feet. The glaze is bright, with small patterns on the glaze.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

White glaze carved flower pot

White glaze carved flower pot, 32.8cm high, 8.4cm diameter, 8.2cm foot diameter.

The spout is slightly open, with a six-petal fancy mouth, a long neck and a 45° angle on one side of the shoulder.

White-glazed porcelain was popular in the Liao Dynasty and has national characteristics. It has been found that Longquanwu Kiln and Chifeng Kiln Kiln have been fired. There are several shapes of pots in Liao porcelain: there are holding pots similar to the Central Plains style; there are cockscomb pots with obvious characteristics of the Liao Dynasty. This pot is unique to the Liao Dynasty. Its shape is dignified and beautiful. The mouth, neck and belly are decorated with different patterns. The mouth is petal-shaped, the neck is decorated with neat string patterns, and the belly is carved with 4 blooming flowers. This pot has a strong knife technique and smooth and clear lines. It is a fine product among the white glaze carved pots in the Liao Dynasty.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Green glaze carved single handle pot

Green-glazed carved single handle pot, 14cm high, 4.5cm diameter, 7.5cm foot diameter.

The pot has a small mouth, and the mouth is retracted. The body of the pot is a four-petal melon prismatic shape, with a multi-prismatic short stream on one side of the shoulder, and a double rope-shaped tie on the other side. There is a bamboo-shaped cross handle on one side of the ampulla, and a small button is raised at the handle end. The shoulders are decorated with double convex string patterns, and the whole body is carved with large and small fan-shaped patterns. The joint between the handle and the body is decorated with a spiral carved pattern, which is very distinctive. The pot is green glaze, fresh and green, bright and lovely.

This pot is unique in shape and decoration, and is a rare treasure in early Liao Dynasty porcelain.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

White glaze carved cockscomb pot

White glaze carved cockscomb pot, Liao, 26.4cm high, 7.4cm foot diameter.

This pot is oblate, short-flowing, with a lifting beam on the shoulder and a circle foot. White glaze is applied to the whole body, and flower and leaf patterns are carved on both sides of the body. The simple and rugged style of this device reflects the unrestrained temperament of the nomads.

Cockscomb pot was first seen in the Liao Dynasty. After the Khitan entered the north and established the Great Liao Kingdom, they changed their usual skins into porcelain. The early porcelain pot handles were shaped like cockscombs with perforations on the tethers, hence the name cockscomb pots. This shape retains the daily necessities of the nomads. Characteristics. Later, the perforation gradually evolved into a beam, which embodies the creative spirit of the Khitan craftsmen to innovate in the porcelain craftsmanship.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Brown and yellow glaze black bamboo plum vase

Brown-yellow-glazed plum vase with black color bamboo pattern, 29.8cm high, 5.5cm diameter and 8cm foot diameter.

The bottle has a small mouth, short neck, full shoulders, abdomen convergence, thin feet. The fetus is pink and a layer of makeup soil is applied on the fetus. The shoulders and feet are painted in black with ripples between the string patterns, and the middle part is decorated with bamboo patterns. The bamboo leaves are drawn in a single stroke, which is large and jagged, simple and vivid. The black color of this bottle is covered under the brown and yellow glaze, showing an artistic effect different from that of the Cizhou kiln white ground black color ware, which is unique.

Plum vases were fired in many kilns in the northern Cizhou kilns and Jiexiu kilns in Shanxi during the Song, Jin, and Yuan dynasties. However, such plum vases with black colored bamboo patterns under the brown and yellow glaze are rare. This bottle should be a wine container.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Three-color carved plate with heron and lotus pattern

Three-color engraved plate with heron and lotus pattern, Liao Dynasty, 3.1cm high, 12.2cm diameter and 7.5cm foot diameter.

The mouth of the dish is in the shape of a nine-petal rhombus, with a flat center, shallow wall and round feet. There are engraved egrets and lotus patterns under the three-color glaze in the plate. The method is to first use iron cones to draw pattern lines on the tires, apply green glaze after biscuit firing, then apply grape purple glaze on the lotus leaves, and yellow glaze on the egret and lotus.

The dark lines of this plate are smooth and natural. The low-temperature yellow, green and purple glazes using lead oxide as the flux are coordinated. Especially the grape purple glaze used is extremely rare in the Liao Sancai ware, so this plate is extremely important for the study of Liao Sancai. Physical information.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Black glaze picking cylinder

Black glazed flower picking cylinder, gold, 17cm high, 13.5cm diameter, 9.5cm foot diameter.

Cylinder lips, bulging abdomen, circle feet. Black glaze is applied to the inner mouth of the cylinder, and the outer wall is decorated with black glaze picking flowers. The shoulders are deformed and the abdomen is decorated with flowers and plants. The outsole is unglazed.

The shape of this tank is strong and full, the black glaze is as bright as lacquer, and the flower picking technique is skillful. The black pattern is set off with yellow and white ground, and the contrast is sharp, which has a good decorative effect. Judging from the characteristics of its glaze, it should be a product of Shanxi Kiln in the Jin Dynasty. In the past, due to various reasons, many Jin Dynasty ceramics were classified as Song Dynasty, so it is believed that there is no exquisite work of Jin Dynasty ceramics. Since 1949, with the unearth of a large number of ceramics from the Jin Dynasty tombs, people have gradually gained a clear understanding of the true features of the Jin Dynasty ceramics. The physical objects unearthed from the tombs and the specimens from the kiln site prove that the Ding Kiln, Yaozhou Kiln and Jun in the north at that time Kilns, Cizhou kilns, Zibo kilns, Datong kilns, Hunyuan kilns, Jiexiu kilns and Changzhi kilns continued to be fired in the Jin Dynasty. The products have their own characteristics and there are no shortage of exquisite works.

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Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Yellow-glazed gourd-style holding pot

The yellow-glazed gourd-style pot is 24.8cm high, 2.8cm diameter, and 6.7cm foot diameter.

The pot is in the shape of a gourd, with a small upper part and a large lower part. The upper part is a lip, and the lower part is egg-shaped. The shoulders are decorated with two string patterns, one side is a curved stream, the other side is a long circular handle, the handle is printed with a sun pattern and a curling branch pattern, and a milk nail is decorated under the handle. Yellow glaze is applied to the whole body, the fetus is exposed near the foot, there are 5 burn marks on the side of the foot, and white makeup soil is applied under the glaze.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Chifeng Kiln White Glazed Black Flower Jar

Chifeng kiln white-glazed black flower pot, Liao, 38.5cm high, 19.7cm diameter, 15.8cm foot diameter.

The mouth of the can is rolled outwards, short neck, full shoulders, round abdomen, and flat bottom. The carcass is thick and hard, with a layer of white make-up soil, and transparent glaze applied to make the glaze yellowish in white. A water ripple is carved between the two string patterns on the shoulder, and 3 peony patterns are carved with the theme pattern on the abdomen.

The shape of this jar is full and upright, the peony pattern is luxuriantly decorated with luxuriant leaves, full of vitality, and the floral leaves are supplemented by grate patterns. The decoration is painted with black color to form black ground and white flowers, which is similar to the white ground black flowerware of Cizhou kiln.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

White ground black flower plum bottle

The white ground black flower plum bottle, 46.8cm high, 4cm diameter, 10.3cm foot diameter.

The bottle has a lip, a short neck, sloping shoulders, a plump upper part, a gradually converging abdomen, and a wide circle of feet. The bottle is decorated with white ground and black flowers. A pattern of lotus petals is painted on the shoulders, a floral pattern of entwined branches is painted on the abdomen, and a pattern of curling branches is painted on the abdomen. Each set of patterns and the lower part of the bottle are separated by thick and thin lines. Plain base without glaze.

This bottle has a concise and concise composition, with a few strokes, full of spirit, reflecting the concise and vivid decorative style of the Cizhou kiln.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Cizhou Kiln White Ground Black Flower Reed Goose Pattern Tiger Pillow

Cizhou Kiln, white ground, black flower, reed goose pattern tiger pillow, gold, 10.7cm high, 35.6cm long, and 14cm wide.

The pillow is in the shape of a crouching tiger with the head facing right. The tiger body is a pillow, and black stripes are painted on the yellow ground to imitate the tiger skin pattern. The back of the tiger is a waist-round pillow, the pillow surface is white and black, painted with two remnants of lotus, reed counts the stems, aquatic ducks swimming in the sky, and big geese flying south in the sky. The few strokes express the bleak mood of autumn scenery vividly.

Baidi Heihua is the most representative variety of Cizhou kilns during the Song, Jin, and Yuan Dynasties. The decorative effect is similar to traditional Chinese ink paintings. The decorations are all popular themes of folk, such as landscape, flowers and birds, characters, infant play, animals, poems, The words, music, couplets, epigrams, etc. are rich and vivid in content.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

White ground black flower circus figure pillow

White ground and black flower circus pillow, 29cm long, 21.3cm wide and 11.2cm high.

The pillow is octagonal, the middle of the pillow surface is slightly concave, and the whole body is painted with black flowers on a white ground. In the center of the pillow surface is painted a galloping horse, with four hoofs flying, the tail cocked, and one person standing upside down on the saddle. The periphery of the pillow surface is painted with black color and the wide and narrow side lines are drawn one round each. The side of the pillow is painted with curled branches, and the bottom is plain white and unglazed, stamped with the “Zhangjiazao” workshop mark in Yang.

During the Song, Jin, and Yuan periods, porcelain pillows were of various varieties and forms, mainly used as bedding, but also for burial. Among them, Cizhou kiln porcelain pillows are the most representative. The pillows are of various shapes and varieties. The decorative content is mostly derived from folk life. The decorative methods are painted, engraved, printed, scratched, carved, carved, etc., especially painted black on white ground. Color, using bold brushwork and skilled techniques, sway freely on the pillow surface of less than half a foot, and skillfully apply the art of painting to the decoration of porcelain pillows, with a strong ink painting style. The color of this pillow is black and white, the contrast is strong, and only a few strokes show the wonderful moments in the circus performance to the fullest, full of rich folk life atmosphere.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Yaozhou kiln money pattern small pot

Yaozhou kiln money pattern small pot, gold, 13cm high, 4cm diameter, 6cm foot diameter.

The pot has a small mouth, slipped shoulders, puffed belly, and circled feet. One side of the shoulder is an outward-folding pot stream, and the corresponding side is a short ribbon handle with a flat-topped button lid. The whole body of the pot is decorated with two sets of patterns, the shoulders are carved with lotus petal patterns, and there are two sets of string patterns on the upper and lower petals. The abdomen is engraved with money patterns and a string pattern is decorated under the money patterns. Celadon glaze is applied to the whole body, and the glaze is yellowish.

The decoration is simple and clear, the knife is sharp, the style is rough, and the decoration is clear. The whole body is covered with green glaze, and the green glaze is yellowish. The decoration is simple, which is the typical style of Yaozhou Kiln in Jin Dynasty.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Yaozhou Kiln carved “Wu Niu Chuanyue” pattern large bowl

Yaozhou kiln carved “Wu Niu Chuanyue” pattern large bowl, gold, 7.6cm high, 21.3cm diameter, 6cm foot diameter.

The bowl is open, with a deep arc wall, and a circle foot. Celadon glaze is applied inside and outside. A round of bright moon is engraved in the bowl of diamond-shaped consecration, and a buffalo stands upright with its front legs, its hind legs bent and kneeling, its head raised, and its mouth slightly open. The engraving knife is smooth and sharp, and the composition is simple and bright. This pattern was originally named “Rhino Watching the Moon”, and it should be “Wu Niu Chuanyue” after textual research. It comes from “Shi Shuo Xin Yu”: “Today’s buffalo live only between Jianghuai River and Huaihe River, so it is called Wu Niu. There is a lot of heat in the south, and this cow is afraid of heat, and the moon is suspected to be the sun, so when you see the moon, you will panic.” The Han people under the rule of the Jin people in the north were deeply afraid of the heavy pressure of life caused by the war.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Yaozhou Kiln Wu Niu Chuan Moon Pattern Bowl

Yaozhou Kiln Wu Niu Chuan Moon Bowl, gold, 7.6cm high, 21.3cm diameter, 6cm foot diameter.

Bowl lip, curved abdominal wall, circle feet. Light celadon glaze is applied inside and outside. The inside of the bowl is decorated with a diamond-shaped opening, and the opening is engraved with flowers and grass patterns on the outside. The traditional pattern “Wu Niu Chuanyue” is engraved in the opening. A bright moon is high in the sky. The mouth of a buffalo is slightly open below, the front legs are upright, and the hind legs are bent on the ground. , Looked up at the bright moon.

This bowl is a masterpiece of carvings with skillful knives and vivid and natural patterns. It is a representative work of Yaozhou Kiln’s Jin Dynasty celadon carvings.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Red glaze carved pear pot with cloud dragon pattern

The red-glazed pear-shaped pot with carved cloud and dragon pattern is 12.5cm in height, 3.5cm in diameter and 5.3cm in foot diameter.

The body of the kettle is pear-shaped, with a straight mouth, and gradually plumping below the mouth into a drooping round belly. There is a long stream on one side of the abdomen and a Ruyi-style handle on the other side. The dome of the lid has a small button in the shape of a pearl, and there is a small ring on the side of the lid and the edge of the mouth, so as to connect with a tether and prevent the lid from falling off. The whole body and the inside of the feet are covered with red glaze, and the abdomen is carved with a five-claw cloud dragon pattern.

The dragon has a thin neck and a long mouth, vivid in shape and distinctive characteristics of the times. The glaze of this pot is even and the glaze is bright. It is a rare treasure among the red glaze wares in Yuan Dynasty.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Glazed red bowl with peony pattern

A red-glazed bowl with a peony pattern, 10cm high, 20.6cm diameter, and 9.1cm foot diameter.

Bowl pier style, slightly outside mouth, circle feet. The whole body is white with safflower, the inner and outer edges of the mouth each have a circle pattern, the inner wall of the bowl is a chrysanthemum pattern, the inner wall of the bowl is a double-circle interior folding flower pattern, the outer wall is painted with a peony pattern, and the outer wall of the foot is painted a circle.

This bowl has lively and lively decorations, with a brighter red color. No matter the shape or composition of the decoration, it has a distinctive style of the times. It is a representative work of red-glazed porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Egg-white glaze printed “Tai Xi” inscription and dragon plate

The egg white glaze printed “Tai Xi” inscription with a dragon pattern plate has a height of 2.3cm, a diameter of 17.8cm, and a foot diameter of 11.4cm.

The plate is open, shallow arc wall, and circle foot. Fetal bones are firm and white, with glaze applied inside and outside. The glaze layer is thick and devitrified. The glazed surface is shiny and smooth, and the glaze is white and blue, just like the color of goose eggs, hence the name “egg white glaze”. The inside of the foot is exposed and the tire is unglazed.

The outer wall of the disc is carved with a deformed lotus petal pattern for a week, a total of 16 petals, with a string pattern at the tip of the lotus petal pattern. The disc is decorated with sun patterns. The heart of the disc is a dragon playing with a bead. The dragon has five claws with its mouth open. The body is dancing, extremely arrogant, and it is lined with clouds and fire beads. The inner wall of the pan is decorated with eight auspicious patterns on the tangled branch lotus, and the two characters “Tai Xi” are printed symmetrically between the flowers. The order of the eight auspicious characters is “intestines, snails, wheels, lids, flowers, beads, fish, and umbrellas” in a counterclockwise direction from the character “太” to the left.

Egg-white glaze porcelain is a kind of high-temperature glaze created by Jingdezhen kilns in Yuan Dynasty to produce blue-white glaze porcelain. According to scientific tests, the content of calcium oxide in egg-white glaze is lower than that in blue-white glaze, about 5%, while potassium oxide and oxidation The increase in sodium content causes the high temperature viscosity of the glaze to increase, and the firing temperature range becomes wider. The small amount of iron oxide contained in the glaze is the main reason that causes the glaze white to flash green and look like a goose egg color.

The shape of egg white glazed porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty is most common in plates, bowls, and high-footed bowls. The decorative techniques are mainly printed, supplemented by carved flowers. The inner walls of plates and bowls are often horizontally printed with twisted branches of flowers or Yunlong, Yunfeng, Yunhe, flowers and birds, twisted lotus, etc. Eight auspicious characters, some of which are stamped with official inscriptions or auspicious characters among the patterns, the most common of which is The “shufu” inscription, therefore, sometimes people call egg white glazed porcelain as “shufu porcelain”. In addition to “shufu” and “Taixi”, there are also inscriptions such as “Dongwei”, “Changjiang”, “Nanshui”, “Fulu”, “Fu Shou”, “White King”, and “Tianshun Nianzao” paragraph. “Public House” and “Tai Xi” respectively represent the “Privy Council”, the highest military institution of the Yuan Dynasty, and the “Tai Xi Zongxian Court”, an institution dedicated to court sacrifices. “Yuan History” Volume Eighty-seven (Hundred Officials) records: “Taixi Zongxian Yuan…, the temple of the palm is taboo during the new year to enjoy the ceremony. In the first year of the Tianli, the Fu and Shuxiang two courts were dismissed, and the Tai The Jubilee House is based on the general system.” It can be seen that the firing date of the white glaze porcelain with the “Taixi” inscription should be after the first year of Tianli (1328) in the year when the Taixi Zongyu Yuan was established, and the lower limit should be in the Yuan Dynasty. At the end of 1352 when the peasant army occupied the Fuliang area.

The “Tai Xi” inscription egg white glaze porcelain is very rare. The late ancient ceramic connoisseur Mr. Sun Yingzhou once wrote that there are only three handed down, and this is one of them, which is very precious.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Blue glaze white dragon plate

Blue glaze white dragon pattern plate, Yuan, 1.1cm high, 16cm diameter, 14cm foot diameter.

Folded edge, shallow wall, flat bottom. Blue glaze is applied inside and outside, and the outer bottom is unglazed. The heart is flat, and a vigorous white dragon is pasted on the blue glaze floor with white clay. The dragon has a thin neck and three claws, with its head up and tumbling.

There are four pieces of this kind of blue-glazed white dragon plate handed down from the Yuan Dynasty. In addition to the one collected by the Palace Museum, they are collected by the Idemitsu Museum of Art in Japan, the Museum of Oriental Ceramics in Osaka, and the David Foundation in London, UK. One piece.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Jingdezhen kiln shufu glaze-printed dragon plate

The glaze-printed dragon-pattern plate of Jingdezhen kiln Shufu, Yuan, 4.1cm high, 15.9cm diameter, 5.3cm foot diameter.

Pan straight mouth, shallow arc wall, circle foot. The carcass is firm and white, with white glaze applied inside and outside. The center of the pan and the inner wall are moulded with cloud dragon patterns.

Shufu glaze is a collective name for a variety of white glaze created and burned in Jingdezhen area in Yuan Dynasty. The carcass is generally thick and heavy, the glaze is devitrified, and the color is white and slightly blue, just like the color of duck eggs, so it is also called “white glaze”. The main decorative technique is die printing, the subject is relatively simple, common dragon patterns, reed goose patterns or twisted branches pattern. Because these white-glazed porcelains often have the word “shufu” stamped in the middle, they are called “shufu-glazed white porcelain”. The Privy Council is the abbreviation for the Privy Council, an important institution in charge of the national army. The porcelain with the word “shufu” printed on the white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty is generally considered to be a special porcelain made for the “Privy Court” in Jingdezhen. In addition to the words “shufu”, there are also words such as “Tai Xi” and “Dong Wei” on white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty.

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Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Blue and white phoenix wear flower holding pot

The blue and white phoenix wear flower holding pot, 23.5cm high, 4.7cm diameter, 7.3cm foot diameter and 13cm abdominal diameter.

The pot has a straight mouth, gradually spreading under the mouth, thick neck, hanging abdomen, introverted under the abdomen, and the circle feet slightly outward. On one side of the abdomen, there is a long curved stream with a thin upper part and a thick lower part. On the other side, there is a Ruyi-shaped handle with a small tie on the upper end. Flat top cover, round bead button. White glaze at the bottom, no style. The flow is painted with fire cloud patterns, the handle is decorated with silver ingots and treasure hairpins, and the cover is painted with chrysanthemum petals. The body is decorated with blue patterns under the blue and white glaze, and both sides of the belly are painted with phoenix and entwined branches of flowers, with fire bead clouds and bamboo and stone patterns in between.

The whole body of the pot is densely decorated, and the main body is prominent, complicated and not chaotic. The blue and white juice used goes deep into the fetal bone, and the color is rich and bright. It is a rare and pure color in the blue and white porcelain handed down from the Yuan Dynasty.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Blue and white glaze red carved lid jar

A blue and white glaze jar with a red pierced lid, 41cm height, 15.5cm diameter and 18.5cm foot diameter.

The jar has a straight mouth, short neck, sloping shoulders, puffed belly, ringed feet, and unglazed sand bottom. The carcass is thin on the top and thick on the bottom, the fetus is delicate, the blue and white color is strong, and the red in the glaze is slightly dark. Comes with lion button cover.

The lion button is piled up on the top of the lid, and the blue and white lotus petal pattern, curly grass pattern, and back pattern are painted one week each under the button. The body and the edge of the jar are painted with blue and white tangled branches and curly grass patterns for one week each. The shoulders are decorated with a drooping cloud head pattern, the cloud pattern is painted with blue and white water ripples supporting the white lotus, and the cloud head pattern is separated by a peony pattern. The four sides of the abdomen are piled up with double hooks and rhombus to open the garden. The four seasons gardens such as mountain stones and peonies are carved inside. Among them, the rocks and flowers are painted in red in the glaze, and the flowers and leaves are painted in blue and white. The lower part of the abdomen is decorated with blue and white folding lotus, corresponding to the cloud head pattern. The bottom of the abdomen is decorated with curly grass patterns and deformed lotus petal patterns. The pot shape is full and thick, the decorative layers are distinct, and various techniques such as painting, engraving, molding and pasting are integrated. Blue and white and red in glaze complement each other, and red and blue complement each other.

The blue and white glaze red porcelain was created in the Yuan Dynasty. The coloring agent of blue and white is cobalt oxide, which is stable in color; the coloring agent of glaze red is copper oxide, which is very volatile, and has strict requirements on the firing atmosphere of the kiln room. The craftsmen of Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty creatively combined the two on the same artifact. The emergence of this new underglaze variety is an important symbol of technological progress in porcelain production in the Yuan Dynasty.

This jar was unearthed in the Yuan Dynasty cellar in Baoding City, Hebei Province in 1965. It is one of two similar pieces and a treasure of Yuan porcelain.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Red engraved rabbit pattern jade pot spring vase in glaze

A jade pot spring vase with a rabbit pattern carved in red in the glaze, 20.5cm high, 6.3cm diameter, and 6.8cm foot diameter.

The bottle has a narrow mouth, a narrow neck, a round belly and round feet. Commonly known as “Yuhu Spring Bottle”. The whole body is painted with green and white glaze. There are four darkly carved string patterns on the shoulders and the largest areas of the abdomen. A hare is darkly carved on the upper abdomen to run among the flowers and grass. The carving technique is skilled, the blade is sharp and free, and the lines are smooth and natural. The bunny is looking back and watching, with a red glaze finishing the eyes, the image is lifelike. Randomly paint the glaze red on the blank space of the pattern to form a red ground and white flower, which enhances the artistic effect of the pattern. The inner mouth of the bottle is glazed and red.

The jade pot spring vase is a common type of Jingdezhen porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty. Its varieties are irradiated in the glaze. Blue and white, blue and white glaze, and malachite green glaze blue and white are still seen. Red porcelain in glaze is more difficult to make and less handed down, so it is more precious. The jade pot spring vase decorated with in-glaze red, in addition to the one collected in the Beijing Palace Museum, there are also the jade pot spring vase with flying phoenix pattern in the red glaze collected by the Yamato Wenhua Museum in Japan and the Matsuoka Art Museum, and the Dawei in London, UK The jade pot spring vase with red flower pattern in the glaze collected by the German Foundation.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Blue and white phoenix pattern plate

The blue and white phoenix pattern plate is 7.9cm high, 46.1cm in diameter and 26.1cm in foot diameter.

The disc is folded along the edge, diamond fancy mouth, disc heart is flat and ring foot. Green and white glaze is applied to the body, and the base is unglazed. The inside and outside of the plate are painted with blue patterns and decorated with multiple layers. The edge of the mouth is decorated with a circle of grass pattern, the inner wall of the blue and white netting ground highlights 6 white tangled peonies, the edge of the disc is ringed with a curling grass pattern, the center of the blue and white ground sets off a unicorn and a phoenix, and the space is lined with white Lotus and cloud pattern. The outer wall of the pan contains 6 lotus flowers. The composition of the whole device is rigorous.

There are two forms of blue and white porcelain decoration in the Yuan Dynasty: one uses white as the ground and blue as the flowers, and the blue and white materials are directly painted on the white carcass. The other is blue and white as the ground, with the blue and verdant ground color to set off the white pattern. The blue and white phoenix pattern plate is a masterpiece of the blue and white flower ware, showing a completely different artistic effect from the white and blue flower ware. The handed down products of this type of equipment are extremely rare, rare, and treasures of the world.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Blue and white sea water and white dragon pattern eight square plum bottle

The eight-square plum bottle with blue and white sea water and white dragon pattern, 46.1cm high, 6.2cm diameter and 13.4cm foot diameter.

The fetal bones of Mei Ping are thick and heavy, with a small mouth and flat edges, and a narrow neck. The bottle is slender and has eight edges. The shoulder is decorated with diagonal grid pattern, the next week of the brocade pattern is a big wishful cloud head pattern, the inside is painted with a phoenix or unicorn wearing a peony pattern, the middle of the bottle is painted with 4 white dragons, lined with blue and white sea water and flame patterns, and the near foot is decorated with a round wishful cloud head Pattern with peony flowers and leaves painted inside.

The Buddhist scriptures say that the mandala starts in the east and ends in the northwest, and it is always in all directions, which means that the Dharma spreads all over the surrounding areas. The Yuan court worshipped Taoism and believed in Buddhism. This vessel was decorated in all directions and decorated with dragon patterns, implying that the emperor Weijia the world.

This vessel is a large-scale wine vessel in Yuan Dynasty porcelain. The fetal bones are delicate and white, the enamel is moist and translucent, and the blue and white color is strong. The blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty was huge and plump, with dense patterns, rich layers, and rigorous composition. It changed the tradition of simplistic and simple layout of porcelain patterns since the Tang and Song dynasties. The meticulous depiction and complicated layers formed the artistic style of flowers and brocades. The large blue and white cloud head pattern on the shoulders and near the feet borrowed from the pattern of the silk shawl of the Yuan Dynasty. The appearance of dragon patterns increased significantly and was also a characteristic of the porcelain decoration art of this period.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Glaze red goblet

The in-glaze red goblet is 9.1cm high, 7.5cm in diameter and 3.8cm in diameter.

The cup has a sharp mouth, a deep abdomen, a thin bottom, and a hollow bamboo-like high foot. Green and white glaze is applied throughout the body. The cup body is smeared with 3 red spots in the glaze, and a small circle is juxtaposed. The bottom of the cup is high enough to connect with the pin and tenon, and it can be rotated freely without taking off.

The decorative plaques of this cup have bright colors and are as beautiful as sunset clouds. It is a rare treasure. The cup foot that can be rotated at will increases its enjoyment. In 1980, the Yuan Dynasty porcelain cellar in Gao’an County, Jiangxi Province unearthed a Yuan Dynasty glaze-in-glaze red printed plastic sticky-shaped goblet cup, the cup foot can also be rotated. It can be seen that turning the high-foot cup is one of the characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty high-foot cup.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Blue and white mandarin duck and lotus pattern plate

The blue and white mandarin duck and lotus pattern plate is 7.3cm high, 46.4cm in diameter and 29.8cm in foot diameter.

The disc is folded along the edge, with 16 petals of diamond flower mouth, the disc is flat and flat, and the foot is circled. Bright celadon glaze is applied to the inside and outside of the dish, and the base is unglazed. The inside and outside of the plate are painted with blue patterns. The inner surface is surrounded by brocade patterns. The inner wall is decorated with bunches of flowers for a week, and 6 overlying peonies are interlaced on the tortuous stems. The heart is painted with the theme of mandarin ducks and the opera lotus, and the lotus is placed vertically in the ring, with a pair of mandarin ducks playing in it. The outer wall of the pan is also surrounded by bunches of peonies, corresponding to the patterns on the inner wall.

The shape of this device is beautiful, generous and regular, and it is a typical dish of the Yuan Dynasty. The paintings are exquisite, the decorative patterns are rigorous, and the theme patterns are set off with multi-layer ribbon-shaped auxiliary patterns. Each pattern is separated by a blue and white double-circle line, and the decoration is full but distinct. The blue and white color is gorgeous, and it is made of imported Su Nibo green material. This plate is the essence of blue and white porcelain from the Jingdezhen kiln in the late Yuan Dynasty.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Jingdezhen kiln blue and white peony pattern jar

Jingdezhen kiln blue and white peony pattern jar, Yuan, 27.5cm high, 20.4cm diameter, 19cm foot diameter.

The pot is straight mouth, short neck, round shoulders, abdomen, shallow circle feet, sand bottom. White glaze is applied inside and outside, and the outer wall is decorated with blue and white. The edge of the mouth is tangled flowers, the shoulders are tangled lotus flowers, the abdomen is painted with tangled peony branches, and the close to the feet is a lotus petal pattern.

This blue-and-white pot has bright colors and smooth brushes. Each layer of decoration is divided by two string patterns. It is complicated and not tapered, and it is not chaotic. It not only highlights the theme pattern, but also increases the layering of the picture. This jar is full and solemn, and is a typical work of blue and white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Blue glaze with gold

Blue glaze with gold traces, 45cm high, 17cm mouth to flow, 8.5cm foot diameter.

The vessel is round, open, shallow arc belly, flat bottom, rectangular trough-shaped flow on one side of the mouth, flowing into a small line. The tire is thin and dense, and the glaze is thick and uneven. The mouth and outsole are unglazed. The inside is painted with golden colored flowers and 5 golden auspicious clouds on the mural.

The ware imitates bronze, has a beautiful shape, a deep and thick blue glaze, shimmering with a sapphire blue luster, and is accompanied by a brilliant golden color, which is dazzling and gorgeous. This blue-glazed gold-painted piece was unearthed in a cellar in Baoding, Hebei Province in 1964. At the same time, blue-glazed gold-painted small cups and plates were unearthed. The gold pattern of this blue-glazed gold pattern is undamaged, and it is as bright as new, which is rare.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Longquan Kiln Celadon Holding Pot

Longquan kiln celadon holding pot, 25cm high, 4.5cm diameter, 8.3cm foot diameter.

The pot has a straight mouth, fullness under the mouth, a round abdomen, and a rounded foot slightly outward. There is a curved long stream on one side of the pot, and the opposite side has a curved ribbed handle and a flat-top button cover. The shape of the pot is beautiful, the flow and handle are handled in harmony, and the lid and the mouth of the pot are in harmony. The top is thin and the bottom is plump, the lines are smooth, and it is properly retracted. Celadon glaze is applied to the whole body, and the fetus is exposed at the mouth and feet. The enamel luster is elegant, uniform and warm.

This pot is a representative work of Longquan Kiln.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Celadon Painted Flower Holding Pot

The green-glazed pot with flowers, Yuan, diameter 8.7cm, foot diameter 11.5cm, height 32.7cm.

The mouth of the pot, the neck is thin, the belly is drooping, and the stream is slender. There is a curved lever, crank and ring foot between the stream and the neck of the pot. Green glaze is applied to the whole body, and the garden banana stone and other patterns are carved under the glaze. The pot is tall and heavy, with a dignified and steady shape.

This pot is made by Longquan kiln, the glaze is shiny and green, and the shape is the shape of a Yuhuchun bottle, which has the typical characteristics of Yuan Dynasty porcelain.

 

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Longquan kiln printed dragon pattern celadon plate

Longquan kiln printed dragon pattern celadon plate, Yuan, 7.5cm high, 42.9cm diameter, 29cm foot diameter.

The plate is open, shallow abdomen, plain, circled feet. Celadon glaze is applied inside and outside, the bottom is unglazed, and the exposed part is flint red. The inner wall is carved with cloud and dragon patterns. This dish is large in shape, has a thick carcass, and the glaze is blue-yellow. The cloud dragon pattern stamped under the thicker glaze layer is clearly visible, which shows that it is a typical celadon from Longquan kiln in Yuan Dynasty.

Longquan kiln celadon developed from the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty. Although the firing area expanded and the output increased greatly, the plum blue color of the Southern Song Dynasty was no longer able to be burned. In order to make up for the lack of color of celadon, Longquan kiln celadon in Yuan Dynasty often used mold printing, pasting, carving and other techniques for decoration, in order to pursue the beauty of patterns and shapes.

Appreciation of Ceramics in the Forbidden City (Liaojin-Yuan)

Yuxi kiln blue and white jade pot spring bottle

Yuxi kiln blue and white jade pot spring bottle, Yuan, 25.6cm high, 6.7cm diameter, 9.5cm foot diameter.

The bottle has a narrow mouth, a narrow neck, a drooping abdomen and round feet. The whole body is painted with green and yellow glaze, and the outer wall is painted with blue and white banana leaves, lotus petals and fish algae patterns.

This Yuxi kiln jade pot spring vase is a physical material unearthed in a cremation tomb of the Yuan Dynasty in Lufeng, Yunnan in 1973. The blue and white style of the Yuxi kiln in the Yuan Dynasty is obviously different from that of Jingdezhen. The blue and white wares of the Yuxi kiln have a crisp texture, yellow glaze, dark blue and white tones, and a strong glazed glass texture. Although the blue and white color of this bottle is not as good as that of Jingdezhen blue and white, the painting technique is natural and smooth, and the decoration will be vividly displayed in a few strokes. It has a certain lively artistic effect. It fully reflects the superb craftsmanship and exquisite craftsmanship of the porcelain industry in the border areas of my country in the Yuan Dynasty. Technique.

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