Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

By | November 15, 2020

n the Yuan Dynasty (1279~1368 AD), the transportation between China and the West was very developed, and commodities could be transported to various places by land and sea. In addition to domestic sales, ceramics are also important commodities exported to various places. Therefore, kilns all over the country are competing for production, especially the kilns in the south are of exquisite quality and large quantities. The important porcelain kilns are Zhejiang Longquan kilns, which are rich in celadon ware. In the beginning, Wenzhou was the export port, then Songxi, along the Minjiang River, and Fuzhou as the export port. There are also many Fujian kilns, producing Fujian celadon and celadon. Among them, Jianyang kiln produces Wujin glaze tea bowl, Fuqing kiln produces celadon and Wujin glaze two kinds, Guangze Maodian kiln produces black glaze tea bowl; Dehua kiln produces white porcelain. In addition, Fujian celadon ware is produced in Tongan kilns in Lianjiang, Pukou and Quanzhou. The products of Fujian are concentrated in Fuzhou and Quanzhou export ports, among which the products of Lianjiang kiln can be exported directly to the sea.

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

The 40 blue and white porcelains of the Yuan Dynasty collected in the Topkapi Palace in Turkey rank first in the world in terms of quantity and quality. So, why are there as many as 40 Yuan blue and white flowers in the distant Turkish palace, and even become the museum with the largest collection of Yuan blue and white flowers in the world?

As we all know, China has been the world’s largest exporter of porcelain since ancient times. Exquisite porcelain products were shipped to all parts of the world through China’s two “Silk Roads”, both land and water. Turkey was one of the main export countries of these porcelains. Next, let’s take a look at the Chinese treasures in Topkapi Palace.

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Huakou lotus pattern large bowl

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Plum vase with peony pattern (pair)

Height 42 cm

Topkapi Palace Collection

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Lotus Pond Waterfowl Lingkou Large Plate

Caliber 45 cm

Topkapi Palace Collection

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Qinghua Ghost Valley Downhill Big Jar

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Blue and white cloud dragon pattern bowl top plum bottle

Caliber 44.5 cm

Topkapi Palace Collection

The whole body of this dragon-patterned bottle is painted with a blue dragon. It is large in size and can only “see the head but not the end” or “see the end but not the head” from a single angle.

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Blue and white lotus pond mandarin ducks and plum vase

Height 40.5 cm

The two Octagonal Plum Bottles in the Topkapi Palace collection have become the world’s orphans because of their uniqueness.

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Blue flowers, insects, flowers and all-round gourd bottle

Height 60.5 cm

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Peony pattern gourd bottle

70 cm high

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Blue and white lotus pond with mandarin duck pattern holding pot

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Part of Banquet Picture: Blue and White Porcelain Vase (1396, Collection of British Museum)

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty (1206~1368 AD, established in 1271, designated as Yuan), in 1206 Genghis Khan established the Mongolian Khanate. In 1271, Kublai Khan changed his country name to “Dayuan”. In 1368, he was expelled from the Ming Dynasty by Zhu Yuanzhang and moved north. The Yuan regime that moved to the north retreated to Mobei, still using the name of the Great Yuan State, confronting the Ming Dynasty, known as “Northern Yuan” in history. From the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty to Kublai Khan’s national title, 98 years of the 11th emperor.

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Ji Blue Glazed White Dragon Plate

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuanji blue glaze white dragon plum vase

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Ji Blue Glazed Golden Jue Cup

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Ji Blue Glazed Gold Bowl

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan egg white glaze large jar

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan egg white glazed carved goblet

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan egg white glaze high-foot bowl

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white large jar with twisted branches and flowers pattern with Qibao cover

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Yuan Blue and White Wrapped Flower Pattern with Qibao Lid Large Jar-

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white entwined flower pattern high ankle

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white pot with tangled branches and flowers

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white peony pattern large jar with lid

Jingdezhen, Jiangxi is an important kiln factory. Both the quality and the quantity of its products, the Yuan generation and the Longquan celadon compete against each other. Its products include white porcelain, blue and white porcelain, blue and white, red in glaze, and other Ji green glazes, red ceremonies, etc. Blue and white and red in glaze are new products. The kilns in Jiangxi also produced large quantities of blue and white porcelain and white porcelain. Kilns such as Nanfeng, Raozhou, Leping and Linchuan are all. Among them, the Jizhou kiln is the most unique. In addition to white porcelain, it also produces porcelain with underglaze painted black flowers-imitating the Cizhou kiln style. And use decorative techniques such as paper-cutting art and sprinkling color. Some of the products from Jiangxi are concentrated and exported from Fuzhou and Quanzhou via Fujian Luster, down the Minjiang River. Some are transported north to Poyang, via the Yangtze River, to the provinces in the Yangtze River Basin. There are also exporters from Guangzhou via the Ganjiang River in the south and the Greater Yuling Mountains. There is also a kiln factory in Guangdong that produces celadon ware for export to the Indochina Peninsula. In the north, there are Shaanxi Yaozhou kilns that produce northern celadon. The average kilns include Henan Yuxian, Ba Village, Linru, Hebiji, and Cizhou kilns. The production volume is also large, but most of them are for domestic sales. In addition to the black and brown flowers painted under the glaze, the products of the Cizhou kiln series also have peacock blue, green, and yellow glazes, with black flowers painted under the glaze. Since the Song Dynasty, there are also flower picking, black glaze and brown color. The kiln factories of the Ding kiln system also continued to produce Ding kiln-type white porcelain, still focusing on Quyang, Hebei. The above overview of the development of porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty is quoted from “Junyouhui-Xinmin Kiln”. Yuan Dynasty porcelain was widely sold overseas, from East Asia across the Indian Ocean to the Persian Gulf, and a large number of Yuan Dynasty porcelains were found in Iran and Turkey in the Middle East. These Yuan porcelains for export are mainly the products of southern kilns.

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white peony pattern plum vase

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white boat inkstone

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Qinghua Fanlian Wenyu A

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white lotus pattern-

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white flat pot with phoenix pattern

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white Gaoshi pattern jade pot spring vase

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Qinghua Haiju Bishan

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white banana leaf pattern flower goblet

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white banana leaf pattern flower goblet

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white blue and white sea water cloud dragon pattern hexagonal plum bottle

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white dragon and phoenix pattern plum bottle with lid

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white dragon and phoenix pattern plum bottle with lid

Characteristics of Yuan Dynasty porcelain style: Yuan Dynasty porcelain clearly has the unique style of the grassland nation. In terms of the shape of porcelain ware, many types of artifacts unique to the Mongolian nationality were newly created. The single-color glaze is also more exquisite than the previous generation. The Shufu was set up to manage the firing of porcelain. The white porcelain burned in the Shufu was sweet white glaze, which was later called “shufu porcelain”. At this time, foreign trade and cultural exchanges between China and the West were frequent, and a large number of export porcelain began to be produced. Most of the blue and white porcelains that were popular in the Yuan Dynasty were sold to many Islamic countries in the Middle East. In the creation and burning of many new varieties, the Jun kiln and Longquan kiln of the Song Dynasty were inherited and developed. The glaze is plump and round, and the ware is round and strong. Many places have obviously absorbed the characteristics of Han culture.

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white plum pattern high-footed hat

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white jade pot spring vase

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white lion rolling ball pattern jade pot spring bottle

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white beast button cover furnace

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white pine, bamboo and plum pattern highfoot cup

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white pine, bamboo and plum pattern hexagonal big jar

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white glaze red beast button lid jar

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white glaze red beast button lid jar

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white glaze red beast button lid jar

Varieties of Jingdezhen Kiln Porcelain:

Blue and white: Blue and white is a white-ground and blue-flowered porcelain that is decorated with cobalt on a white tire and covered with a transparent glaze, and then burned at a high temperature in a reducing atmosphere. The pattern burnt without glaze is black. The blue and white porcelain of the middle and late Yuan Dynasty can be roughly divided into two categories: one type is mostly small objects, the fetus is light, not very delicate, mostly blue and white, milky white translucent or shadow celadon, the color of blue and white is dark and misty. The ornamentation is sparse but unrestrained and unrestrained, and some can be said to be quite scribble. All cobalt materials contain high manganese content and low iron content, and have the same characteristics as domestic cobalt earth ore. They should be painted by domestic cobalt materials. Common utensils include high school cups and bowls. , Pan, 匜, incense burner, small pot, garlic bottle, jade pot spring bottle, etc., are mostly daily necessities. This type of blue and white porcelain was produced in limited quantities at that time and belonged to civilian porcelain; there is also a type of blue and white porcelain, mostly large objects The common features are the thick and heavy carcass, the light and thin small pieces, the dense white color, the flashing blue in the transparent glaze white, the bright blue and white color, the dark brown spots in the dense color, and the multiple levels of decoration, some even up to ten The layers come very expiry, but they are complicated and not chaotic. There is a week of blank space between the layers, and there is no space between the two layers at the bottom of the vessel. There is no relationship between the content of each layer, such as chrysanthemum and banana. Yunfeng, Yunlong, Miscellaneous Treasures, Haijiangya, etc. are mixed among leaves, lotus and peony, combining irrelevant patterns on a single utensil.

Red in glaze: Red in glaze is a white ground red flower porcelain that is decorated with copper oxide on the green tire and covered with transparent glaze. In addition to the different painting materials and different effects of the finished products, Yuhua and Glazed Red have basically the same manufacturing techniques, painting methods and firing techniques. It’s just that the firing atmosphere of glaze red is stricter than that of blue and white, and it’s harder to master. Yuan glaze red porcelain is the same as Yuan blue and white porcelain. It has the characteristics of fine, firm and clean white glaze. . The decorations are mostly chrysanthemum, peony, lotus, dragon, cloud phoenix, cloud crane, peacock, reed goose, character stories, etc., and the borders are mostly variant lotus petals, cloud shoulders, ganoderma cloud, banana leaf, back pattern, string Pattern etc. The types of vessels are mostly large pots, goblet cups, jade pot spring bottles, tower pots, barns, large plates, bowls, porcelain figures, etc.

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white fish algae lotus pattern platter

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white Yunlong, pearl and peony pattern large jar with lid

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white Yunlong, pearl and peony pattern large jar with lid

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white Yunlong, pearl and peony pattern large jar with lid

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white cloud dragon and bead pattern large jar

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white cloud dragon and bead pattern large jar

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white flower design jade pot spring vase

Celadon white porcelain: Celadon porcelain was the main variety of Jingdezhen in Song Dynasty. The firing continued in the Yuan Dynasty, but the tire, glaze, shape, and decoration methods were different from those in the Song Dynasty. The fetus of the Yuan Dynasty blue-white porcelain is very white, firm, dense, and thicker; the glaze is slightly thicker, the white is transparent and opaque. In addition to some of the light, it is also useful for engraving, scratching, printing, and piling. It is decorated by stippling and carving. Commonly carved aphid patterns include Yunlong, curled branches, curled grass, peony, lotus petals, etc.; or embossed flowers in the center of plates and bowls, and piled up sculptures are often used to decorate the lid or body. There are many types of blue and white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty. In addition to the daily dishes, bowls, goblet, bottles, pots, stoves, there are also some new types of pots, such as gourd-shaped holding pots, flat holding pots, domu pots, 匜, inkstone drops, and penshan. The body shape is usually thick and full. The lower abdomen and shins of bottles and cans are thin. The plates and bowls are large and the circle feet are small. They all have a top-heavy feeling.

White glaze porcelain: White glaze is also called egg white glaze. There are not many white-glazed porcelains in the Yuan Dynasty, but they are delicately made. The fetus of this type of porcelain is very fine and white, firm, and thick; the glaze is also thick, the white is greenish like goose eggs, and it is as moist as pile grease; it is decorated with many printings, including dragons, dragons and phoenixes, flowers, lotus, curled grass Wait.

Blue glazed porcelain: Blue glazed porcelain is a new variety created in Jingdezhen during the Yuan Dynasty. It uses cobalt blue as a colorant and is fired at a high temperature. The glaze porcelains of the Yuan Dynasty had no patterns, some were decorated with carved white patterns, and some were painted with gold.

Red-glazed porcelain: An innovative variety of Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty. It was fired with copper red as a coloring agent under high temperature in a reducing atmosphere. Since the burning technology of copper red is more difficult to master than cobalt blue, the finished products are very few. Only a small amount of unearthed from the Yuan Dadu site, only small objects such as plates, bowls, and printed boxes.

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Celadon Bishan

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Celadon Glazed Guanyin Seat

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Celadon Character Story Magnetic Pillow

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan Celadon Glazed Water and Moon Guanyin Seat

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

High-foot plate with egg white glaze, Yuanshu style

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

High-foot plate with egg white glaze, Yuanshu style

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Egg-white glazed fold waist bowl of Yuanshu mansion model

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan glaze red tangled branch flower pattern big jar

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan glaze red pile plastic Chilong lid jar

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan glaze red pile plastic Chilong lid jar

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan glaze red pile plastic Chilong goblet

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan glaze red pile plastic Chilong goblet

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan glaze red pile plastic Chilong goblet

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan glaze red phoenix pattern jade pot spring vase

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan glaze red and autumn water pattern

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white Xiao Heyue chasing Han Xinmei bottle

Appreciation of Selected Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty

Yuan blue and white Xiao Heyue chasing Han Xinmei bottle

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